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Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment
Natália Martins1, Isabel C F R Ferreira, Lillian Barros
1Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855, Bragança, Portugal.
Abstract:
Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence in these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective "treatment," much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established, and therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.
Insights
Candidiasis, a common opportunistic yeast infection, is increasingly prevalent in various patient groups. Prevention strategies are highlighted as more effective than antifungal treatments for managing this multifactorial condition.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Medical Microbiology
Background:
- Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection, frequently caused by Candida albicans.
- Abnormal yeast overgrowth is increasingly observed in gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts, affecting immunocompromised individuals, those with nosocomial infections, and even healthy people.
- Candidiasis is a multifactorial syndrome with diverse causal factors, leading to a rapid increase in incidence and numerous studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of candidiasis, focusing on predisposition factors, prevention, and diagnosis.
- To highlight the importance of prevention as a primary strategy against candidiasis.
- To explore alternative treatment approaches for established candidiasis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on candidiasis predisposition, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Analysis of recent trends in candidiasis incidence and management.
- Synthesis of information on alternative therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Prevention is emphasized as the most effective approach, surpassing traditional antifungal eradication.
- Daily routine practices can significantly strengthen protection against candidiasis.
- Alternative therapeutic options need exploration for established infections.
Conclusions:
- Prevention and early diagnosis are crucial for managing candidiasis effectively.
- A multifactorial approach considering predisposition factors is essential.
- Further research into alternative treatments is warranted for complicated cases.
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