Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II01:19

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II

1.3K
In the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, two specific scenarios can arise that complicate stability analysis.
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first...
1.3K
Null and Alternative Hypotheses01:16

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

9.1K
The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As  a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
9.1K
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

22.4K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
22.4K
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

1.0K
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
1.0K
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

28.9K
The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null...
28.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Self- and informant-based comparison of Dark Triad scales in German adults.

Psychological assessment·2025
Same author

Detecting Careless Responding in Multidimensional Forced-Choice Questionnaires.

Educational and psychological measurement·2024
Same author

Using the multidimensional nominal response model to model faking in questionnaire data: The importance of item desirability characteristics.

Behavior research methods·2024
Same author

Identifying Disengaged Responding in Multiple-Choice Items: Extending a Latent Class Item Response Model With Novel Process Data Indicators.

Educational and psychological measurement·2024
Same author

Perseverance, a measure of conscientiousness, is a valid predictor of achievement and truancy across the globe.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2024
Same author

Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

19.5K

Reversed thresholds in partial credit models: a reason for collapsing categories?

Eunike Wetzel1, Claus H Carstensen2

  • 1Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Germany eunike.wetzel@uni-konstanz.de.

Assessment
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Reversed thresholds in item response theory (IRT) models do not violate assumptions or disorder response categories. Empirical data show categories still differentiate participants, even with reversed thresholds, suggesting caution when collapsing categories.

Keywords:
generalized partial credit modelordered rating scalespartial credit modelreversed thresholdsthreshold parameters

More Related Videos

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

13.6K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

19.5K
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

13.6K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Quantitative Psychology
  • Item Response Theory

Background:

  • Reversed thresholds can occur in partial credit and generalized partial credit models.
  • This raises concerns about model assumptions and category ordering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate reversed thresholds in item response theory.
  • To determine if reversed thresholds indicate disordering of response categories or violate model assumptions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.
  • Conducting a simulation study to explore reversed thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Reversed thresholds are a consequence of low category frequencies, not category disordering.
  • Categories differentiate participants across trait levels despite reversed thresholds.
  • Reversed thresholds often appear only in specific participant subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Reversed thresholds do not violate item response theory model assumptions.
  • Category disordering can be analyzed independently of threshold ordering.
  • Researchers should reconsider collapsing categories solely based on reversed thresholds.