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Novel nano-rough polymers for cartilage tissue engineering.

Ganesan Balasundaram1, Daniel M Storey1, Thomas J Webster2

  • 1Surfatek, Longmont, CO, USA.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to create nano-roughened polymer surfaces, enhancing chondrocyte functions for potential cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
cartilage applicationschondrocytesnano-roughened polymerspolycaprolactonepolyurethane

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Biologically relevant polymers like polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are crucial for medical applications.
  • Developing advanced polymer surface topographies can significantly influence cellular behavior.
  • Existing methods for surface modification may have limitations in achieving controlled nanoscale features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an innovative method for creating highly porous, nanoscale-rough surfaces on polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL).
  • To investigate the impact of these nano-roughened surfaces on chondrocyte (cartilage-producing cells) functions in vitro.
  • To evaluate the potential of these modified polymers for cartilage tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Nanoembossed polyurethane (NPU) and nanoembossed polycaprolactone (NPCL) were fabricated by casting polymers over a reusable, plasma-deposited, spiky titanium (Ti) nanofeatured surface.
  • Surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • Surface energy was measured via liquid contact angle measurements, and in vitro chondrocyte functions were assessed.

Main Results:

  • NPU and NPCL exhibited significantly higher nanoscale surface roughness and surface energy compared to plain PU and PCL.
  • Chondrocyte numbers increased on NPU and NPCL compared to control polymers over a 7-day period.
  • Enhanced intracellular protein production and collagen secretion were observed in chondrocytes cultured on NPU and NPCL.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoembossing technique effectively creates nanoscale roughness on PU and PCL surfaces.
  • The nano-roughened surfaces promote increased chondrocyte proliferation and function.
  • These findings suggest that NPU and NPCL are promising candidates for cartilage tissue engineering applications.