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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.1K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.1K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Epilepsy: Indian perspective.

Nandanavana Subbareddy Santhosh1, Sanjib Sinha1, Parthasarathy Satishchandra1

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy affects 50 million globally, with 10 million in India facing a significant treatment gap due to various barriers. Improving education and healthcare services is crucial for managing epilepsy in India.

Keywords:
Epilepsy in Indiaepilepsy surgeryhot water epilepsyprogressive myoclonic epilepsystatus epilepticustreatment gapwomen with epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Epilepsy impacts 50 million worldwide, disproportionately affecting developing nations.
  • India has approximately 10 million individuals with epilepsy, facing a substantial treatment gap.
  • Barriers to epilepsy care include limited knowledge of antiepileptic drugs, poverty, cultural stigma, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of epilepsy in India.
  • To highlight the challenges and existing resources for epilepsy management in the country.

Main Methods:

  • This article is a review synthesizing existing research and data on epilepsy in India.
  • It examines factors contributing to the treatment gap and discusses available interventions.

Main Results:

  • Infectious diseases are significant contributors to new-onset epilepsy and status epilepticus in India.
  • Geographically specific epilepsies are noted in certain regions of India.
  • Access to pre-surgical evaluation and epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy is available in multiple Indian centers.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the epilepsy treatment gap in India requires enhanced education and improved healthcare services.
  • Further research and targeted interventions are necessary to improve outcomes for people with epilepsy in India.