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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Resistant hypertension: current status, future challenges.

Niloofar Hajizadeh1, Farahnak Assadi2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Preventive Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Resistant hypertension in adolescents is a growing concern, increasing cardiovascular risk. Early diagnosis and management of underlying causes are crucial for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Resistant hypertension is increasingly prevalent in adolescents.
  • It is associated with significant short- and long-term cardiovascular consequences.
  • Adolescents with resistant hypertension face higher cardiovascular risk due to prolonged severe hypertension and comorbidities like obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evaluation and management of resistant hypertension in adolescents.
  • To provide practical guidance for healthcare practitioners.
  • To highlight key issues in diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on adolescent resistant hypertension.
  • Discussion of common causes and diagnostic approaches.
  • Emphasis on lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapies.

Main Results:

  • Resistant hypertension affects up to 30% of hypertensive adolescents.
  • Common causes include primary aldosteronism, sleep apnea, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.
  • Effective management involves identifying and reversing lifestyle factors and treating underlying causes.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of resistant hypertension in adolescents is essential.
  • Comprehensive management strategies are needed to mitigate cardiovascular risk.
  • Improved therapies may prevent or reduce early cardiovascular disease.