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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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A Study on Mental Disorders: 5-year Retrospective Study.

Thalappillil Mathew Celine1, Jimmy Antony1

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Medical College, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

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Mood disorders were the most common mental health condition, followed by substance use disorders. Early intervention and improved mental healthcare facilities are crucial for managing mental disorders effectively.

Keywords:
Ageanxiety disordermental disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health Research
  • Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mental disorders are increasingly prevalent in modern society.
  • Lifestyle factors and stress among youth may contribute to rising mental health concerns.
  • Understanding patterns of mental disorders is essential for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological patterns of mental disorders among hospitalized patients.
  • To analyze trends in mental disorder prevalence over a five-year period.
  • To identify demographic and diagnostic patterns in a medical college hospital setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study design utilizing hospital admission records.
  • Data collection from medical records department registers.
  • Statistical analysis, including Z-tests for comparing proportions.

Main Results:

  • A total of 7908 mental disorder cases were recorded.
  • Males constituted 70.36% of cases, with the highest incidence in the 30-44 age group.
  • Mood disorders were most prevalent, followed by substance use disorders; specific disorders varied by age and sex.

Conclusions:

  • Mood disorders and substance use disorders are leading mental health issues.
  • Targeted counseling and enhanced mental healthcare services are recommended.
  • Interventions should address the specific needs of different demographic groups.