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Related Concept Videos

Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions
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Detecting ovarian disorders in primary care.

Abigail Oliver, Caroline Overton

    The Practitioner
    |May 6, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ovarian cysts are common in premenopausal women and usually benign. Malignant risk increases with age, with symptomatic postmenopausal women or those with large cysts requiring specialist care.

    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Ovarian cysts are common, particularly in premenopausal women, with most being benign.
    • Malignancy risk increases with age, with a higher incidence in postmenopausal women.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the presentation, diagnosis, and management of ovarian cysts.
    • To differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian cyst symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentation and risk factors for ovarian cysts.
    • Discussion of diagnostic markers such as CA125 levels.
    • Outline of management strategies based on cyst characteristics and patient demographics.

    Main Results:

    • Symptomatic ovarian cysts can cause pelvic pain, menstrual disturbances, or pressure symptoms.

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  • Ovarian torsion is a complication, most common with dermoid cysts, presenting as sudden severe pain.
  • Malignant ovarian cyst symptoms in women over 50 include weight loss, bloating, early satiety, and pelvic pain.

    • Conclusions:

    • Functional ovarian cysts <5 cm often resolve spontaneously.
    • Symptomatic postmenopausal women, those with cysts ≥5 cm, or elevated CA125 require referral.
    • Premenopausal women with simple cysts ≥5 cm need annual ultrasound assessment.