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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
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A new 4-dimensional imaging system for jaw tracking.

Mark Lauren

    International Journal of Computerized Dentistry
    |May 6, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new non-invasive 4D imaging system captures high-resolution jaw motion using fluorescent microspheres and photogrammetry. This technology creates detailed 3D surface data for dynamic mandible movement analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Dental Imaging
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Accurate jaw motion capture is crucial for dental diagnostics and treatment planning.
    • Existing methods may lack the resolution or temporal data needed for complex analysis.
    • Dynamic mandibular movement analysis requires advanced imaging techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a non-invasive 4D imaging system for high-resolution jaw motion capture.
    • To enable the creation of dynamic 3D surface models of the mandible.
    • To assess the system's potential for integration with existing dental technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of fluorescent microspheres to teeth and soft tissues.
    • Utilizing an extraoral hand-held imaging device to capture image triplets.

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  • Employing photogrammetry to convert image data into high-resolution 3D point meshes.
  • Constructing a 4D model from sequential 3D frames to describe mandibular motion.

    • Main Results:

    • The system captures eight 3D positions per second with high resolution.
    • Generated 3D surface data accurately represents instantaneous relative jaw positions.
    • A 4D model of the mandible's free body motion can be constructed.
    • Surface data is registrable to conventional 3D dental models for animation.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 4D imaging system provides a novel, non-invasive method for capturing detailed jaw motion.
    • This technology offers significant potential for applications in prosthetic computer-aided design (CAD) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data integration.
    • The system facilitates dynamic analysis and visualization of mandibular kinematics.