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Domestication changes innate constraints for birdsong learning.

Hiroko Kagawa1, Kenta Suzuki2, Miki Takahasi1

  • 1Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN BSI, Saitama, Japan.

Behavioural Processes
|May 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Birdsong learning involves imitation, but innate factors also shape species-specific traits. Domestication altered Bengalese finch songs, showing genetic and environmental influences on vocal phenotypes.

Keywords:
Bengalese finchesEvolutionLearningSongbirdWhite rumped munias

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Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Birdsong acquisition relies on vocal imitation of conspecifics.
  • Species-specific song features are influenced by both cultural transmission and innate constraints.
  • Domestication can lead to significant alterations in animal vocalizations, as seen in Bengalese finches compared to wild White-rumped munias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors in shaping birdsong phenotypes.
  • To compare song features between wild White-rumped munias and domesticated Bengalese finches under different rearing conditions.
  • To determine how domestication impacts innate constraints on song structure and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of song features in White-rumped munias and Bengalese finches.
  • Utilizing normal, isolation-reared, and cross-fostered bird groups for each species.
  • Employing factor analysis on 17 distinct song measurements to identify key song characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Isolation-reared birds exhibited altered song features, particularly in prosodic instability, compared to normally and cross-fostered birds.
  • Significant differences in mean frequency were observed between the two finch strains, irrespective of rearing conditions.
  • Domestication appears to modify innate constraints that influence birdsong phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Both genetic and environmental factors significantly contribute to birdsong development.
  • Domestication can lead to changes in the inherent vocal constraints of a species.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for comprehending vocal learning and evolution in birds.