Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

800
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
800
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

500
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
500
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

557
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
557
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

761
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
761
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

578
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
578

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging With Indocyanine Green for Intraoperative Nerve Root Visualization in Spinal Surgery: From Preclinical Studies to a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Global spine journal·2025
Same author

Static Topographical Cue Combined with Dynamic Fluid Stimulation Enhances the Macrophage Extracellular Vesicle Yield and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Defects.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

3D nanofiber scaffolds from 2D electrospun membranes boost cell penetration and positive host response for regenerative medicine.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2024
Same author

Calcium sulfate-Cu<sup>2+</sup> delivery system improves 3D-Printed calcium silicate artificial bone to repair large bone defects.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2023
Same author

Aligned lovastatin-loaded electrospun nanofibers regulate collagen organization and reduce scar formation.

Acta biomaterialia·2023
Same author

Radial Sponges Facilitate Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration and Angiogenesis.

Advanced healthcare materials·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

7.8K

Sliding mode output feedback control based on tracking error observer with disturbance estimator.

Lingfei Xiao1, Yue Zhu2

  • 1Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power Systems, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.

ISA Transactions
|May 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel output feedback sliding mode control method for systems with unknown disturbances. The approach ensures robust stability and accurate tracking, even with imprecise system models.

Keywords:
Differential sliding surfaceExtended disturbance estimatorFive-DOF AMBs systemServo motorSliding mode output feedback controlTracking error observer

More Related Videos

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.7K
WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques
09:01

Gain-compensation Methodology for a Sinusoidal Scan of a Galvanometer Mirror in Proportional-Integral-Differential Control Using Pre-emphasis Techniques

Published on: April 4, 2017

7.8K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.7K
WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
08:18

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Control Engineering
  • Systems Theory

Background:

  • Systems often face unpredictable disturbances impacting performance.
  • Accurate mathematical models are not always available for control design.
  • Existing methods may struggle with unknown disturbance bounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an output feedback sliding mode control (SMC) method.
  • To design a novel tracking error observer with an integrated disturbance estimator.
  • To achieve robust stability and accurate tracking for systems with unknown disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Constructing a differential sliding surface and utilizing reaching law approach for SMC design.
  • Developing an extended disturbance estimator coupled with a tracking error observer.
  • Implementing the controller using observed tracking errors and estimated disturbances.

Main Results:

  • Proving bounded disturbance estimation and tracking observation errors.
  • Demonstrating the reachability of the sliding surface.
  • Confirming robust stability of the closed-loop system.
  • Validating the method through simulations on servomotor and active magnetic bearing systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed output feedback SMC method effectively handles systems with unknown disturbances.
  • The novel observer-estimator enhances controller implementability and system robustness.
  • The method offers a viable solution for real-world applications requiring precise control under uncertainty.