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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
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Divergent selection for muscle color in broilers.

I D Harford1, H O Pavlidis, N B Anthony

  • 1Heritage Breeders, Princess Anne, MD 21853.

Poultry Science
|May 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Divergent selection for broiler breast meat lightness (L*) effectively modified muscle color and improved meat quality. This research demonstrates L* selection

Keywords:
L*dark, firm, and dry meatgenetic selectionmuscle qualitypale, soft, and exudative meat

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Poultry Genetics
  • Meat Science

Background:

  • Atypical meat quality is a growing concern in the poultry industry, impacting marketability and consumer satisfaction.
  • Current meat quality assessment relies on appearance, neglecting crucial physical properties like texture, taste, and water-holding capacity (WHC).
  • The demand for value-added poultry products necessitates a deeper understanding of meat's physical attributes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of eight generations of divergent selection for muscle lightness (L*) on broiler meat quality parameters.
  • To evaluate the heritability of L* and its correlated responses on other meat quality traits.
  • To establish broiler lines for studying PSE (pale, soft, exudative) and DFD (dark, firm, dry) like meat abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Divergent selection for high (HMC) and low (LMC) muscle color (L*) in broilers over eight generations.
  • Inclusion of a randombred control line (RBC) for comparison.
  • Measurement and analysis of muscle color (L*, a*, b*), pH decline rate, and fillet drip loss.

Main Results:

  • Heritability estimates for L* were substantial (0.47–0.51), indicating effective selection.
  • Significant differences in L* were observed between HMC (53.91), RBC (49.70), and LMC (46.86) lines at generation 8.
  • Selection for increased L* led to increased yellowness (b*) and a faster pH decline rate, while decreased L* resulted in increased redness (a*) and a slower pH decline. The HMC line showed higher fillet drip loss.

Conclusions:

  • Divergent selection for muscle lightness (L*) effectively altered broiler breast meat color.
  • Selection for L* also influenced correlated traits such as postmortem pH decline and drip loss, key indicators of meat quality.
  • The developed broiler lines serve as valuable resources for poultry meat quality research and demonstrate the potential application of L* selection in primary breeding programs.