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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
11.3K

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Directed colloidal self-assembly in toggled magnetic fields.

James W Swan, Jonathan L Bauer, Yifei Liu

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Toggling magnetic fields induce phase separation and self-assembly in paramagnetic colloid suspensions. This method creates ordered crystalline structures, offering an out-of-equilibrium pathway to escape kinetically arrested states.

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    Area of Science:

    • Colloid science
    • Soft matter physics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Paramagnetic colloid suspensions exhibit complex self-assembly behaviors.
    • External fields, like magnetic fields, can be used to control particle interactions and structures.
    • Understanding non-equilibrium assembly pathways is crucial for materials design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the self-assembly of paramagnetic colloids using a toggled magnetic field.
    • To explore the phase separation dynamics and crystalline structure formation.
    • To demonstrate an out-of-equilibrium pathway for creating ordered structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Subjecting paramagnetic colloid suspensions to a toggled magnetic field.
    • Observing the evolution of network structures and phase separation.
    • Analyzing the dependence of coarsening time and crystalline order on magnetic field frequency.

    Main Results:

    • Initial network structures coarsen diffusively, with coarsening time scaling exponentially with frequency.
    • Beyond a critical time, suspensions condense into body-centered tetragonal crystalline domains.
    • Crystalline order within domains is dependent on pulse frequency.
    • An out-of-equilibrium pathway allows escape from kinetically arrested states.

    Conclusions:

    • Toggled magnetic fields provide a novel annealing scheme for self-assembly.
    • This method enables the creation of ordered particle structures without fine-tuning interparticle interactions.
    • The study highlights a diverging timescale for phase separation near the condensation critical frequency.