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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
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[Liver diseases].

Sumiko Nagoshi

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |May 7, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are linked to cognitive impairment. Further research is needed to understand these associations and their impact on brain health.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Hepatology
    • Metabolic disorders

    Background:

    • Hepatic encephalopathy causes reversible cognitive impairment.
    • Chronic acquired hepatocerebral degeneration and Wilson disease involve irreversible neurological deficits and cognitive decline.
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the associations between various chronic liver diseases and cognitive impairment.
    • To investigate the potential links between metabolic factors (obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance) and cognitive decline in liver disease.
    • To examine the role of reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis in cognitive dysfunction.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on liver diseases and neurological disorders.

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  • Analysis of patient data linking liver conditions with cognitive assessments.
  • Exploration of metabolic pathways and biochemical factors involved.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with reversible cognitive impairment.
    • Chronic liver diseases, including NAFLD, show potential links to cognitive decline.
    • Metabolic conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes may exacerbate cognitive issues in liver disease patients.

    Conclusions:

    • The relationship between chronic liver diseases and cognitive impairment requires further extensive investigation.
    • Understanding these links may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating cognitive decline in liver disease.
    • Metabolic health and liver function are critical determinants of cognitive health.