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Does performing drop jumps with additional eccentric loading improve jump performance?

Saied J Aboodarda1, Jeannette M Byrne, Michael Samson

  • 11School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada; 2Center for Biomechanics, National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and 3Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Summary

Adding elastic load during drop jumps enhances eccentric impulse and rate of force development, potentially increasing exercise intensity without affecting jump performance or muscle activation in trained athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • The stretch-shortening cycle is crucial for jumping performance.
  • External loading during the eccentric phase may enhance this mechanism.
  • Investigating the effects of elastic loading on drop jumps is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effect of increased eccentric phase loading via elastic devices on drop jumps.
  • To analyze changes in kinetics (impulse, RFD, velocity) and muscle EMG activity.
  • To assess these effects across different drop heights.

Main Methods:

  • 15 resistance-trained males performed drop jumps from 20, 35, and 50 cm.
  • Conditions included body weight only, +20% body mass elastic load, and +30% body mass elastic load.
  • Kinetic and electromyographic (EMG) data were synchronized and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Increased eccentric impulse and rate of force development (RFD) were observed with elastic loading.
  • Quadriceps integrated EMG showed small to moderate increases during the eccentric phase.
  • Concentric kinetics, jump height, and muscle activation during the concentric phase were not significantly altered.

Conclusions:

  • Elastic loading during the airborne and eccentric phases of drop jumps enhances eccentric impulse and RFD.
  • This technique may increase drop jump exercise intensity without compromising jumping performance or neuromuscular activation.
  • Elastic loaded drop jumps offer an alternative method to increase exercise intensity beyond simply increasing drop height.