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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus *Blastomyces dermatitidis*.
  • It typically presents as pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease in adults.
  • Infant infections are exceptionally rare, even in areas where the fungus is endemic.

Observation:

  • This report details a severe case of blastomycosis in a 4-month-old infant.
  • Two additional infant cases from the same center are also presented.
  • A review of existing literature on infant blastomycosis is included.

Findings:

  • The case series demonstrates that severe blastomycosis can occur in infants.
  • Infants may present with disseminated disease, challenging early diagnosis.
  • Early recognition and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric blastomycosis.

Implications:

  • Clinicians in endemic areas should consider blastomycosis in the differential diagnosis of severe illness in infants.
  • Increased awareness and further research are needed to understand pediatric blastomycosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management can improve outcomes for affected infants.