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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
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From genome to function by studying eQTLs.

Harm-Jan Westra1, Lude Franke1

  • 1University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping helps identify causal genetic variants for complex diseases by analyzing gene expression. This approach prioritizes variants and reveals tissue-specific effects, aiding in understanding disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
Gene expressionGeneticsMicro-arrayRNA-seqeQTL

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identify numerous genetic variants linked to complex diseases.
  • Identifying causal variants in GWAS loci is challenging due to linkage disequilibrium and gene content.
  • Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping analyzes genetic variant effects on gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Future eQTL studies will expand tissue and cell type coverage to identify key players in complex traits.
  • Large-scale meta-analyses will refine causal variant identification and elucidate downstream effects.
  • Understanding variant-gene expression links is crucial for deciphering complex disease etiology.