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Central nervous system processing of emotions in children with nocturnal enuresis and attention-deficit/hyperactivity

Monika Equit1, Anna Becker, Diana El Khatib

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|May 7, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) show distinct emotional processing compared to those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Combined NE and ADHD resulted in the most intense emotional responses, indicating unique central nervous system interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent childhood conditions.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the central processing of emotions in children diagnosed with NE, ADHD, comorbid NE + ADHD, and healthy controls.
  • To identify differences in emotional reactivity and neural responses associated with these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized acoustic evoked potentials (AEPs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess emotional processing.
  • Presented participants with positive, negative, and neutral images.
  • Analyzed data from 13 children with NE, 13 with ADHD, 14 with NE + ADHD, and 14 controls using repeated-measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Children with NE exhibited heightened frontal region responses to emotional stimuli compared to controls.
  • Children with NE + ADHD showed significant differences in central and parietal region responses compared to children with ADHD alone.
  • The NE + ADHD group displayed the most intense emotional processing, with unspecific interaction effects observed in NE.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional processing differs significantly between children with NE and those with ADHD.
  • Comorbid NE and ADHD in children leads to amplified emotional processing, suggesting synergistic central nervous system effects beyond individual diagnoses.
  • Findings highlight distinct neurophysiological profiles for NE and ADHD, particularly in their combined presentation.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acoustic evoked potentialsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderEvent-related potentialsInternational Affective Picture SystemNocturnal enuresis

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