Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
1Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Journal of Dental Research
|May 7, 2014
Summary
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) effectively deliver stem cells for bone regeneration. Alternative stem cell sources like human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show promise for dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications due to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.
- Stem cell delivery via CPC scaffolds is a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration.
- Recent advancements focus on optimizing CPC scaffolds for effective stem cell integration and therapeutic outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent developments in stem cell delivery using CPC scaffolds for bone regeneration.
- To evaluate the efficacy of various stem cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources, when incorporated into CPC scaffolds.
- To assess the potential of novel stem cell sources as alternatives to traditional bone marrow-derived MSCs.
Main Methods:
- Biofunctionalization of CPC scaffolds to improve cell attachment and proliferation.
- Co-culturing of osteoblasts and endothelial cells for prevascularization of CPC constructs.
- Seeding of CPC scaffolds with diverse stem cell populations, including human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
Main Results:
- Stem cell-laden CPC constructs demonstrated superior new bone and blood vessel formation in vivo compared to cell-free CPC controls.
- CPCs provided a suitable environment for stem cell attachment and proliferation.
- hUCMSCs, hESC-derived MSCs, and hiPSC-derived MSCs showed comparable bone and vascularization potential to hBMSCs, indicating their viability for bone engineering.
- CPCs incorporating hESC-MSCs and hiPSC-MSCs resulted in a two- to three-fold increase in new bone formation compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- CPC scaffolds are effective delivery vehicles for stem cells in bone regeneration applications.
- hUCMSCs, hESCs, and hiPSCs represent promising alternatives to hBMSCs, offering advantages in terms of accessibility and quantity.
- Stem cell-CPC constructs hold significant potential for advancing bone regeneration strategies in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic fields.
