Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.5K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.5K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.0K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

12.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
12.0K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.3K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.3K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CDK8 inhibition induces Mediator trapping and impairment of the EWSR1::FLI1 transcriptional program in Ewing sarcoma.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Long-term maintenance of H3K27me3 in postmitotic neurons is dispensable for gene expression regulation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dual role of ZIC2 during neural induction: from priming transcription factor to enhancer activator.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

MRD-driven initial therapy of acalabrutinib and lenalidomide plus rituximab or obinutuzumab for mantle cell lymphoma.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals targeted modulation of inflammatory repertoire by SOCE blockers.

Human immunology·2026
Same author

Bridging the Gap: What We Can Learn From LEAP-010 in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

10.6K

Histone variant H3.3 is an essential maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming.

Duancheng Wen1, Laura A Banaszynski2, Ying Liu3

  • 1Department of Genetic Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Maternal histone H3.3 (H3.3) is essential for reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Oocyte H3.3, not from the donor cell, drives chromatin remodeling and pluripotency gene activation.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

6.8K
Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay
08:00

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

10.6K
Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

6.8K
Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay
08:00

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Oocyte cytoplasm reprograms somatic cell nuclei to pluripotency.
  • Key maternal factors driving this reprogramming are largely unknown.
  • Histone variants play critical roles in chromatin regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal factors essential for oocyte reprogramming.
  • To investigate the role of histone variant H3.3 in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which H3.3 facilitates reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mouse oocytes.
  • Knockdown of histone variant H3.3 in oocytes.
  • Injection of exogenous H3.3 mRNA into oocytes.
  • Analysis of pluripotency gene expression and chromatin remodeling.

Main Results:

  • H3.3 knockdown in oocytes compromised reprogramming and downregulated pluripotency genes.
  • Exogenous H3.3 mRNA, but not H3.2 mRNA, rescued reprogramming in SCNT embryos.
  • Maternal H3.3, not donor H3.3, is crucial for reprogramming.
  • H3.3 remodels donor chromatin by replacing donor H3 with maternal H3.3.

Conclusions:

  • Histone variant H3.3 is a critical maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming.
  • Maternal H3.3 is essential for chromatin remodeling and pluripotency gene reactivation during SCNT.
  • This study provides insights into the oocyte's reprogramming capacity.