Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Proofreading

Proofreading

What are Second Messengers?

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Preterm Birth Increases Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia-Induced Kidney Injury With Sex-Specific Differences in Structural and Molecular Responses.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism·2026

Same author

Immediate or high-dose antituberculosis therapy for HIV-related sepsis in Tanzania and Uganda (ATLAS): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled, 2 × 2 factorial, superiority trial.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Health Care-Associated Infections Among Neonates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

JAMA network open·2026

Same author

Regadenoson in the rehabilitation of marginal donor lungs on ex vivo lung perfusion: A blinded multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

JTCVS open·2025

Same author

Characteristics and outcomes of adult emergency ward patients with sepsis who received corticosteroids at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2025

Same author

PREDICT-ITB: Predicting response in children with dystonic CP to ITB - study protocol.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Same journal

Individualized Treatment Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Children Postcardiac Arrest: A Reanalysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Lung Recruitment Maneuvers During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Single-Center Retrospective PICU Cohort Study, 2016-2023.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Multisite Cannulation for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Neonates and Infants: Extracorporeal Life Support Database Study, 2013-2023.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

A Randomized Controlled Trial of No Routine Gastric Residual Monitoring to Guide Enteral Feeding in PICUs: Statistical Analysis Plan for the GASTRIC-PICU Trial.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury and Its Association With Outcomes in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Exploratory Analysis of the 2014-2017 "Approaches and Decisions for Acute Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury" Study.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Lung Superimposed Pressure in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Single-Center Study, 2014-2024.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

The authors reply

Douglas F Willson¹, Neal J Thomas, Robert Tamburro

¹Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond, VA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; ONY Pharmaceuticals, Amherst, NY, and Division of Neonatology at the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

|May 8, 2014

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007