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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

Published on: July 28, 2020

Tuning nanoparticle structure and surface strain for catalysis optimization.

Sen Zhang¹, Xu Zhang, Guangming Jiang

¹Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 8, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling nanoparticle strain optimizes catalysis. Researchers tuned platinum (Pt) strain in iron-platinum (FePt) core/shell nanoparticles by altering core structure, enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Catalysis

Background:

Controlling nanoparticle (NP) surface strain is crucial for tuning NP surface chemistry and optimizing catalysis.
Surface strain, the compression or stretch of surface atoms, significantly impacts NP performance in chemical reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate rational tuning of surface platinum (Pt) strain in core/shell iron-platinum (FePt)/Pt NPs.
To correlate Pt strain with catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
To optimize NP catalysts for ORR and other chemical reactions through structure-induced strain control.

Main Methods:

Synthesized core/shell FePt/Pt NPs with tunable Pt surface strain.
Investigated structural transition from face-centered cubic (fcc) to face-centered tetragonal (fct) FePt core.
Employed quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM-MM) simulations to understand strain effects.

Main Results:

Achieved rational tuning of Pt surface strain by transitioning the FePt core from fcc to fct structure.
Observed high ORR activity in fct-FePt/Pt NPs, attributed to the release of overcompressed Pt strain.
Demonstrated further optimization by partially replacing Fe with Cu in fct-FeCuPt/Pt NPs, resulting in a ~10-fold increase in specific activity compared to commercial Pt catalysts.

Conclusions:

Structure-induced surface strain control is an effective strategy for tuning NP catalysis.
The fct-FeCuPt/Pt NPs represent a highly efficient catalyst for ORR.
This approach offers a new pathway for optimizing NP catalysts for various chemical reactions.