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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Subacute thyroiditis: clinical presentation and long term outcome.

Assim A Alfadda1, Reem M Sallam2, Ghadi E Elawad1

  • 1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|May 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is uncommon in Saudi Arabia, with most patients recovering but some developing permanent hypothyroidism. Treatment approaches vary regionally, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a rare thyroid condition.
  • Limited data exists on SAT in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of SAT in Riyadh.
  • To compare findings with other Saudi regions and global data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 25 thyroiditis cases over 8 years.
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data.

Main Results:

  • Seven cases of SAT identified; presentation included palpitations, goiter, weight changes.
  • Elevated thyroid hormones, suppressed TSH, and elevated ESR observed.
  • 85.7% recovered; 14.3% developed permanent hypothyroidism. Beta-blockers and NSAIDs were common treatments.

Conclusions:

  • SAT is infrequent in central Saudi Arabia.
  • Treatment and outcomes show regional variations, with permanent hypothyroidism being a notable outcome.
  • A national study is needed to understand interprovincial differences.