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Correlation between RIA-EIA-ELISA methods for alpha-fetoprotein research.

M Pastore, S Francioni

    The Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoenzymatic methods like EIA and ELISA are effective for researching alpha-fetoprotein. High correlation coefficients show a smooth transition between RIA and these enzymatic methods for accurate AFP quantification.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Immunology
    • Clinical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a crucial biomarker.
    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been a standard method for AFP detection.
    • Advancements in immunoenzymatic assays offer alternative detection methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of RIA, Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for alpha-fetoprotein.
    • To evaluate the correlation between RIA and immunoenzymatic methods.
    • To assess the feasibility of transitioning from RIA to enzymatic assays for AFP measurement.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) using solid-phase coated-tubes and mouse monoclonal antibodies.
    • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) employing two monoclonal antibodies, one coated and one labeled with alkaline phosphatase.

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  • Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) utilizing a sandwich principle with goat antibodies and goat anti-AFP antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase.
  • Comparative analysis of 30 samples across all three methods.

    • Main Results:

    • High correlation coefficients were observed: RIA-ELISA (r=0.95), RIA-EIA (r=0.93), and EIA-ELISA (r=0.96).
    • The results indicate strong agreement between the reference RIA method and the immunoenzymatic assays.
    • No significant under- or over-dosage issues were identified when transitioning between methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunoenzymatic methods (EIA and ELISA) demonstrate excellent correlation with the established RIA method for alpha-fetoprotein measurement.
    • The findings support the reliable replacement of RIA with EIA or ELISA for AFP quantification.
    • This transition can be achieved without compromising the accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein dosage.