Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

476
Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
476
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

5.0K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
5.0K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

28.1K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
28.1K
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

11.7K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
11.7K
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

68.8K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
68.8K
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

1.0K
Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of a retrospective diary for peri-conceptual and mid-pregnancy drinking in Scotland: a cross-sectional study.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2016
Same author

Peri-Conceptual and Mid-Pregnancy Alcohol Consumption: A Comparison between Areas of High and Low Deprivation in Scotland.

Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)·2016
Same author

Peri-conceptual and mid-pregnancy drinking: a cross-sectional assessment in two Scottish health board areas using a 7-day Retrospective Diary.

Journal of advanced nursing·2016
Same author

Scotland's pathway says 'no' to intervention.

Midwives·2014
Same author

Supporting choice.

Midwives·2014
Same author

15 minutes of television time.

The practising midwife·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
05:40

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

736

Fearful birth? So what's new?

Geraldine Butcher

    The Practising Midwife
    |May 9, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Tocophobia, or significant fear of birth, is rising and linked to more caesarean section requests. Understanding its origins and effects is key to improving maternal wellbeing through midwifery care and specialist support.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Maternal Mental Health
    • Psychology

    Background:

    • Increasing rates of tocophobia (significant fear of birth) observed.
    • Coinciding rise in requests for non-medically indicated caesarean sections.
    • Tocophobia can stem from prior birth trauma or pre-pregnancy psychological factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the origins and presentations of tocophobia.
    • To examine the effects of tocophobia on women and families.
    • To highlight the importance of midwifery care and specialist services for positive birth experiences.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on tocophobia origins and impacts.
    • Exploration of clinical presentations and psychological underpinnings.

    More Related Videos

    Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
    14:40

    Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

    Published on: October 25, 2015

    8.3K
    The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
    09:03

    The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

    Published on: August 15, 2018

    10.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

    Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
    05:40

    Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

    Published on: December 22, 2023

    736
    Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
    14:40

    Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

    Published on: October 25, 2015

    8.3K
    The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
    09:03

    The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

    Published on: August 15, 2018

    10.2K
  • Discussion of care models and intervention strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Tocophobia has diverse origins, including past trauma and early-life psychological factors.
    • Fear of birth significantly impacts maternal wellbeing and family life.
    • A midwifery model of care is crucial for addressing these fears.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing tocophobia requires understanding its multifaceted origins.
    • Integrated care involving midwives and specialists is essential for facilitating positive birth outcomes.
    • Improved maternal mental health support enhances overall family wellbeing.