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Updated: Apr 30, 2026
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
Published on: December 15, 2023
Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load determination in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative Swiss blood donors
Martin Stolz1, Caroline Tinguely, Stefano Fontana
1Blood Transfusion Service SRC Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
Background:
Nucleic acid test (NAT) hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening for all blood donations with a sensitivity limit of 25 IU/mL in the individual donation is mandatory in Switzerland since 2009. The aims of the two studies were to define the percentage of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) or anti-HBc and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)-positive donors bearing HBV DNA and to gather HBV viral load data on HBV NAT yields during the routine screening since the introduction of the HBV NAT.
Study Design And Methods:
Archive samples from anti-HBc-positive donors (Group I) were analyzed with a quantitative HBV DNA test and further with anti-HBc and anti-HBs assays. In addition, all the HBV NAT-only-yield samples (Group II) from the routine donor screening performed between July 2007 and May 2013 were included in the study.
Results:
From the 667 samples investigated (131 donors), three donors (2.3%) had donated eight samples (1.2%) with detectable HBV DNA; however, all had very low viral loads (≤ 10 IU/mL). From the 1,160,426 donations screened with the routine HBV NAT assay, 16 HBV NAT yields were detected: two window period (WP) and 14 occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) cases. In eight of these positive donations (two WP and six OBI), the HBV viral loads were not more than 10 IU/mL, in three cases between 10 and 25 IU/mL, and in the remaining five donations between 37 and 166 IU/mL.
Conclusion:
The highly sensitive HBV NAT assay with a threshold significantly below 10 IU/mL is a valuable alternative to anti-HBc and a less sensitive HBV NAT screening in blood donor screening.
