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CNS lymphoma: a practical diagnostic approach.

Caterina Giannini1, Ahmet Dogan, Diva R Salomão

  • 1From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (CG, DRS); and Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (AD).

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|May 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma classification has evolved, with "primary CNS lymphoma" now specifically defined. This review details diverse CNS lymphomas and offers diagnostic strategies for small biopsies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma classification has significantly evolved.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) classification now offers a more complex framework for lymphoproliferative neoplasms.
  • The definition of primary CNS lymphoma has been refined to specific cases in immunocompetent individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and morphologic features of diverse CNS lymphomas.
  • To provide a practical diagnostic approach for challenging CNS lymphoma cases.
  • To guide clinicians in maximizing the utility of small tissue biopsies and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical, immunophenotyping, and molecular data.
  • Analysis of diverse CNS lymphoma subtypes, including primary CNS lymphoma, vitreoretinal lymphoma, and others.
  • Presentation of clinical, radiologic, and histologic examples.

Main Results:

  • The classification of CNS lymphomas is complex and requires careful consideration of various subtypes.
  • Primary CNS lymphoma is now narrowly defined, excluding other CNS-specific lymphomas.
  • Diagnostic challenges exist, necessitating expertise in interpreting small biopsies.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of CNS lymphomas requires understanding the updated WHO classification and recognizing diverse subtypes.
  • Maximizing diagnostic yield from small biopsies is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Awareness of potential diagnostic traps is essential for clinicians encountering CNS lymphomas.