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Extensive changes in cytokeratin expression patterns in pathologically affected human gingiva.

F X Bosch1, J P Ouhayoun, B L Bader

  • 1Institute of Cell and Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.

Virchows Archiv. B, Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Pathological changes in oral gingiva alter cytokeratin expression, particularly increasing cytokeratin 19 in basal and suprabasal cells. These shifts in keratin patterns may indicate early stages of oral epithelial alteration.

Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Epithelial biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oral gingiva and hard palate epithelium share similarities with epidermis but differ from non-masticatory oral mucosa.
  • Cytokeratins are key structural proteins in epithelial tissues, with specific patterns defining different oral mucosal sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in cytokeratin and cytokeratin mRNA expression in pathologically affected oral gingiva.
  • To understand the role of cytokeratin 19 changes in the context of oral epithelial pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry using specific cytokeratin antibodies.
  • In situ hybridization and Northern blots for cytokeratin mRNA analysis.
  • Gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal proteins from microdissected biopsy samples.

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Main Results:

  • Pathological changes in oral gingiva show altered cytokeratin expression, including increased cytokeratins 4 and 13, and decreased cytokeratins 1, 10, and 11.
  • Cytokeratin 19 expression significantly increases in basal and suprabasal cells of inflamed gingiva, with mRNA levels exceeding protein levels.
  • Altered cytokeratin 19 expression at the mRNA level may represent an early event in epithelial alteration.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in cytokeratin expression patterns, especially cytokeratin 19, are indicative of pathological alterations in oral gingiva.
  • The study provides insights into molecular events during oral epithelial changes, potentially relevant to dysplasia and malignant transformation.
  • Cytokeratin profiling can serve as a biomarker for early detection and understanding of oral epithelial diseases.