A validated cadaveric model of trochlear dysplasia.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomechanics
• Anatomy

Background:

• Trochlear dysplasia is highly prevalent in patellar instability but lacks extensive study and surgical consideration.
• A validated cadaveric model for trochlear dysplasia is needed to advance research and treatment development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a simple, reproducible, and realistic cadaveric model of trochlear dysplasia.
• To validate the model using mechanical and fluoroscopic measurements.

Main Methods:

• Surgically elevated the trochlear groove floor in cadaveric femora using an inflatable bone tamp.
• Measured trochlear depth (TD) and assessed radiographic markers (sulcus angle, crossing sign, prominence) before and after modification.

Main Results:

• Surgical modification significantly reduced TD and altered radiographic markers consistent with dysplasia.
• Fluoroscopic measurements confirmed the changes in TD.
• The crossing sign became present in most specimens post-modification.

Conclusions:

• Elevation of the trochlear floor with an inflatable bone tamp effectively creates a reproducible simulated dysplastic trochlea.
• This validated cadaveric model can be utilized for biomechanical investigations into patellofemoral instability treatments.