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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Krupa H Bhatt1, Freny R Karjodkar1, Kaustubh Sansare1

  • 1Departments of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
|May 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) significantly impacts children's oral health, causing dental issues like caries and periodontal disease due to joint involvement. Early recognition by dental practitioners is crucial for effective multidisciplinary management.

Keywords:
Arthritisjuvenilerheumatoid factortemporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Oral Health Research

Background:

  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic pediatric musculoskeletal condition.
  • JIA frequently affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), leading to significant oral health complications.
  • The etiology of JIA remains largely unknown, with no current cure.

Observation:

  • TMJ involvement in JIA causes limited mouth opening, open bite, retrognathia, and microgenia.
  • Arthritis in extremities impairs fine motor skills, hindering effective oral hygiene practices like brushing and flossing.
  • These factors contribute to an increased incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease in affected children.

Findings:

  • JIA presents distinct oral manifestations that compromise dental health in children.
  • Impaired oral hygiene due to functional limitations exacerbates dental problems.
  • Despite the lack of a cure, advancements in JIA classification and management have improved patient prognosis.

Implications:

  • Dental practitioners must be aware of JIA's oral symptoms for timely diagnosis and intervention.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving rheumatologists and dentists is essential for comprehensive patient care.
  • Early dental intervention can mitigate the long-term oral health consequences of JIA.