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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Head and neck cancers in developing countries.

Poonam Joshi1, Sourav Dutta1, Pankaj Chaturvedi1

  • 1Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
|May 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Head and neck cancers, particularly oral cancers, are prevalent in developing nations due to factors like tobacco and alcohol use. Health programs aim to improve awareness, early diagnosis, and treatment access for these challenging diseases.

Keywords:
Developing countrieshead and neck cancershealth infrastructurehuman papillomavirustobacco

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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Head and neck cancers are a significant health burden, especially in developing countries like Southeast Asia.
  • These cancers disproportionately affect males and are strongly linked to lifestyle factors such as tobacco, areca nut, and alcohol consumption.
  • Oral cancers represent the most common type within head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HNSCC in developing regions compared to Western countries.
  • To identify the challenges in managing HNSCC in resource-limited settings, including poverty, late diagnosis, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.
  • To outline the objectives of implemented health programs aimed at mitigating the impact of head and neck cancers.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature and health program data concerning head and neck cancers in developing countries.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data focusing on prevalence, risk factors, and demographic variations.
  • Evaluation of healthcare system challenges and the impact of public health interventions.

Main Results:

  • HNSCC in developing nations presents differently in terms of patient age, disease site, causes, and molecular profiles compared to Western populations.
  • Significant barriers to effective cancer management include poverty, low literacy rates, late-stage diagnosis, limited healthcare access, and underdeveloped treatment facilities.
  • Low healthcare expenditure (GDP percentage) in developing countries exacerbates the financial strain on patients and families undergoing cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the high incidence of head and neck cancers requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on prevention through awareness campaigns targeting tobacco and alcohol use.
  • Improving access to early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and palliative care services is crucial for better patient outcomes.
  • Sustained public health initiatives and infrastructure development are essential to reduce the burden of head and neck cancers in resource-limited settings.