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Instrumentation Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
To overcome this challenge, an ECG machine utilizes an instrumentation amplifier. This specialized amplifier is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

In Vivo Measurement of Hindlimb Dorsiflexor Isometric Torque from Pig

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Published on: September 3, 2021

Patient specific instrumentation.

David R Lionberger¹, Catherine L Crocker², Vincent Chen³

¹Suite 1020, Houston, Texas.

The Journal of Arthroplasty

|May 10, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is more profitable and efficient than computer-assisted surgery (CAS). While PSI improves operating room efficiency, it does not enhance surgical accuracy compared to CAS.

Keywords:

operating room efficiency patient specific instrumentation total knee arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Medical Device Technology
Health Economics

Background:

Traditional instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is being challenged by newer technologies.
Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) offers a personalized approach to surgical planning and execution.
Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is another advanced technique used in TKA.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the operating room (OR) efficiency of PSI versus CAS in TKA.
To evaluate the accuracy of PSI compared to CAS as a secondary outcome.
To determine the economic viability of PSI through a profit ratio (PR) analysis.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving sixty patients undergoing TKA.
Patients were allocated to either PSI or CAS groups.
A profit ratio formula was developed, considering costs, revenue, and total OR time.

Main Results:

PSI cases demonstrated a 1.45 times higher profitability compared to CAS cases.
PSI allows for approximately 3 cases per 8-hour OR day, versus 2 CAS cases.
No significant difference in accuracy was observed between PSI and CAS groups.

Conclusions:

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) significantly enhances operating room efficiency in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
PSI demonstrates superior economic benefits over computer-assisted surgery (CAS).
Current PSI methods do not provide an accuracy advantage over CAS in TKA.