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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
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Adiposity distribution influences circulating adiponectin levels.

Mitchell Guenther1, Roland James1, Jacqueline Marks1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
|May 10, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolically healthy obese individuals often have more peripheral fat. Abdominal fat distribution, specifically higher subcutaneous to visceral adipose tissue (SAT-to-VAT) ratios, predicts higher adiponectin levels, an important metabolic hormone.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to lower adiponectin, a hormone with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Some obese individuals are metabolically healthy, often with increased peripheral obesity.
  • Adiponectin levels vary, with higher levels sometimes seen in metabolically healthy obese individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if abdominal adiposity distribution, not just BMI, affects plasma adiponectin levels.
  • To identify predictors of plasma adiponectin in a cohort of individuals seeking weight loss.

Main Methods:

  • 424 subjects of Northern European ancestry were analyzed.
  • Dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans quantified body fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
  • Correlations and regression analyses examined relationships between adiponectin, body composition, and metabolic markers.

Main Results:

  • Adiponectin levels negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, total fat mass, and VAT.
  • Positive correlations were observed with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fat-free mass.
  • Higher SAT-to-VAT ratios and female gender were the best positive predictors of plasma adiponectin.

Conclusions:

  • Abdominal adiposity distribution is a key predictor of plasma adiponectin.
  • Obese individuals with higher SAT-to-VAT ratios may exhibit elevated adiponectin levels, potentially contributing to their metabolic health.