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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

280
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
280
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

207
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
207
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

269
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
269

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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Idiopathic anaphylaxis.

Paul A Greenberger1, Phillip Lieberman2

  • 1Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|May 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic anaphylaxis, a common cause of anaphylaxis, is increasingly understood due to advances in mast cell disorders and galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose allergy. Most patients achieve good outcomes with treatment and some experience spontaneous remission.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisGalactose-alpha-1,3-galactoseIdiopathic anaphylaxisMast cell activating disorderMast cell activating syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Anaphylaxis Research

Background:

  • Idiopathic anaphylaxis represents a significant portion of anaphylaxis cases, ranging from 30-60% in adults and 10% in children.
  • The causes of idiopathic anaphylaxis remain largely unknown, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding idiopathic anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight key discoveries impacting the diagnosis and management of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of advancements in anaphylaxis research over the past decade.
  • Focus on mast cell activating disorders and specific allergen identification.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of mast cell activating disorders has improved comprehension of anaphylaxis.
  • Discovery of anaphylaxis triggered by galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose offers a new diagnostic pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Despite its perplexing nature, idiopathic anaphylaxis outcomes are generally favorable with appropriate management.
  • Spontaneous remission occurs in a subset of patients, though the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.