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Characterization of cytomegalovirus lung infection in non-HIV infected children

Sonia M Restrepo-Gualteros1, Lina E Jaramillo-Barberi2, Monica Gonzalez-Santos3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Fundacion Hospital La Misericordia, Bogota 111411, Colombia. sm.restrepo@uniandes.edu.co.

Viruses
|May 10, 2014
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a serious threat in immunocompromised children without HIV. Early recognition of symptoms like hypoxemia and cough, alongside lung imaging, aids in prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Invasive pneumonia is a significant and potentially fatal complication of CMV in this population.
  • Characterizing CMV lung infection in non-HIV infected children is crucial for understanding disease presentation and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize Cytomegalovirus (CMV) lung infection in a cohort of non-HIV infected children.
  • To correlate clinical, imaging, and molecular findings in pediatric CMV pneumonia.
  • To assess the severity and outcomes of CMV pneumonia in this specific pediatric group.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 15 non-HIV infected children with CMV lung infection was analyzed.
  • Clinical data, respiratory signs and symptoms, and imaging findings were collected.
  • Diagnostic modalities included CMV PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy histology/immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • All patients presented with cough, hypoxemia, and diffuse adventitious breath sounds.
  • Lung imaging revealed ground glass opacity/consolidation in 80% of cases.
  • CMV detection rates were 82% via PCR and 100% via biopsy; 47% experienced respiratory failure, with a 13.3% mortality rate.

Conclusions:

  • CMV pneumonia is a life-threatening condition in non-HIV infected children, necessitating a high index of suspicion.
  • Clinical signs (hypoxemia, adventitious sounds) and radiological patterns (ground-glass opacities) can aid early identification.
  • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy are vital for improving clinical outcomes in pediatric CMV lung infections.

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