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[Free alpha-subunit glycoprotein hormones: physiological and pathological data].

M Roger1, N Lahlou, B Couzinet

  • 1Fondation de Recherche en Hormonologie, Paris, France.

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Plasma levels of the free glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit change throughout life, with a pubertal increase and distinct patterns during aging. Its secretion is specifically regulated, though its biological role is uncertain.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • The glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit is secreted freely and bound to beta-subunits.
  • Understanding its secretion patterns is crucial for reproductive health and pituitary function.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated its dynamic changes and regulation throughout human lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify plasma levels of the free alpha-subunit in human subjects across different life stages.
  • To investigate the regulation of alpha-subunit secretion in response to hormonal stimuli.
  • To explore the potential biological role of the free alpha-subunit.

Main Methods:

  • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure plasma concentrations of the free alpha-subunit.

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  • Hormonal stimulation tests, including LH-RH stimulation and LH-RH agonist administration, were employed.
  • Levels were analyzed in relation to age, sex, pubertal status, menstrual cycle, and aging.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma alpha-subunit levels were high neonatally, decreased by age 6, and increased significantly during puberty, especially in girls.
    • A preovulatory surge of alpha-subunit coincided with the LH surge during the menstrual cycle.
    • Levels increased with aging, more abruptly in menopausal females, and showed pubertal maturation in pituitary reserve tests.

    Conclusions:

    • The glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit is a major pituitary secretory product with distinct secretion patterns throughout life.
    • Its secretion is specifically regulated, sharing similarities but not identity with LH secretion.
    • The biological significance of the free alpha-subunit remains to be determined.