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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

5.0K
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
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Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

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Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Herbivore-induced Blueberry Volatiles and Intra-plant Signaling
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Herbivore-induced Blueberry Volatiles and Intra-plant Signaling

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Plant volatiles and the environment.

Francesco Loreto1, Marcel Dicke, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler

  • 1Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185, Roma, Italy.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|May 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) involved in plant communication, defense against stress, and interactions with other organisms. Understanding BVOCs offers promising agricultural and biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
abiotic and biotic stressesbiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC)biosphere-atmosphere interactionsplant communication with herbivores and carnivores

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are major atmospheric components produced by plants.
  • Historically viewed as waste, BVOCs are now recognized for complex ecological roles.
  • Recent research highlights BVOCs' importance in plant defense and inter-organism communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on BVOC emissions and functions.
  • To explore BVOCs in diverse environments and under changing conditions.
  • To assess the potential of BVOC manipulation for agriculture and biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on BVOCs.
  • Analysis of BVOC roles in terrestrial, marine, and soil environments.
  • Examination of BVOC functions under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.

Main Results:

  • BVOCs mediate plant interactions, including defense against pests and communication with neighbors.
  • BVOCs play a role in plant protection against abiotic stresses.
  • BVOCs are crucial in complex trophic interactions and community dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • BVOCs are vital signaling molecules in plant biology and ecology.
  • Understanding BVOCs is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change.
  • Targeted manipulation of BVOCs presents viable strategies for sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.