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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Tooth separation potential problems.

A E Vishwanath, B K Sharmada, Sandesh S Pai

    International Journal of Orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.)
    |May 13, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    A displaced orthodontic elastic separator caused a severe gingival abscess, leading to significant bone loss. Prompt removal and treatment resolved the issue, restoring periodontal health.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Orthodontics
    • Periodontology

    Background:

    • Orthodontic treatment can sometimes lead to complications.
    • Maintaining periodontal health during orthodontics is crucial for successful outcomes.

    Observation:

    • A healthy adolescent patient developed a gingival abscess with severe bone loss and tooth mobility after one year of orthodontic treatment.
    • Clinical examination revealed gingival inflammation, a deep pocket, and Grade III mobility in the affected molar.
    • Radiographic imaging showed a chronic periodontal abscess, ligament necrosis, and severe alveolar bone loss.

    Findings:

    • A subgingivally displaced orthodontic elastic separator was identified as the etiology of the periodontal abscess.
    • Removal of the elastic separator and temporary cessation of active orthodontic forces were performed.

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  • Splinting was applied to stabilize the affected tooth.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for displaced orthodontic appliances to cause severe periodontal complications.
    • Early diagnosis and management, including appliance removal and periodontal treatment, can lead to favorable outcomes.
    • Awareness of such complications is essential for orthodontists to ensure patient safety and treatment success.