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Onset symptoms in paediatric multiple sclerosis.

Magnus Spangsberg Boesen1, Finn Sellebjerg, Morten Blinkenberg

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Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) presents similarly to adult MS, with comparable symptoms and diagnostic delays. This study characterized early MS events in Danish children, finding no significant differences from adult populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Demyelinating Diseases

Background:

  • Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) has higher mortality and morbidity than adult MS.
  • Early characterization of pediatric MS symptoms and paraclinical findings in Denmark is lacking.
  • This study addresses this gap by comparing pediatric and adult MS initial presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare symptoms and paraclinical findings at the first demyelinating event in pediatric MS patients with adult MS patients in Denmark.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 18 pediatric MS patients (onset before 16 years).
  • Review of case records for symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, MRI, and evoked potentials at first demyelinating event.
  • Comparison with nationwide adult MS data from Denmark.

Main Results:

  • Median age at first demyelinating event was 14 years; mean diagnostic delay was 1.7 years.
  • Presenting symptoms in children (sensory, optic neuritis) did not differ from adults.
  • CSF analysis revealed pleocytosis (93%), elevated IgG index (77%), and oligoclonal bands (85%) in pediatric MS.
  • MRI confirmed white matter lesions in all pediatric cases.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric MS symptoms at the first demyelinating event are similar to adult MS.
  • Diagnostic delays in pediatric MS do not significantly differ from adult MS populations.