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Spatial orientation shrinks and expands psychological distance.

Sam J Maglio1, Evan Polman2

  • 1Department of Marketing, University of Toronto Scarborough sam.maglio@utoronto.ca.

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Moving toward a location enhances psychological closeness, affecting perceptions of spatial, temporal, and social distance. This research explores how spatial orientation dynamically influences subjective experiences of places.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Objective proximity influences subjective place perception.
  • Psychological distance encompasses spatial, temporal, probabilistic, and social dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if spatial orientation (moving toward/away) affects psychological closeness.
  • To examine the influence of orientation on various forms of psychological distance.

Main Methods:

  • Six studies were conducted to test the effects of spatial orientation.
  • Participants' subjective perceptions of distance and likelihood were measured.

Main Results:

  • Spatial orientation influenced subjective spatial distance irrespective of objective distance or facing direction.
  • Orientation toward a place increased perceptions of recency and likelihood of events.
  • Spatiotemporal orientation affected social similarity and perceived closeness.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial orientation dynamically shapes psychological closeness and distance.
  • Findings extend the understanding of psychological distance beyond static locations to dynamic movement.