Pneumothorax in neonates: Trends, predictors and outcomes
H Hanh Duong1, L Mirea2, P S Shah3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
|May 13, 2014
Summary
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is more common in term and early preterm infants. Risk factors differ by gestational age group, with early preterm infants facing greater mortality and morbidity risks.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Critical Care
Background:
- Pneumothorax, a serious condition in newborns, requires understanding its incidence and risk factors.
- Variations in pneumothorax rates and outcomes across different gestational age groups are not fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the rates, trends, predictive risk factors, and outcomes of neonatal pneumothorax.
- To analyze these factors across early preterm, moderate-late preterm, and term neonates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 71,237 neonates admitted to Canadian NICUs (2005-2011).
- Multivariable logistic regression models used to identify risk factors and outcomes.
- Stratification by gestational age: early preterm (<32 weeks), moderate-late preterm (32-36 weeks), and term (≥37 weeks).
Main Results:
- Overall pneumothorax rates were 4.0% (early preterm), 2.6% (moderate-late preterm), and 6.7% (term).
- No significant temporal trends in pneumothorax rates were observed.
- Predictive risk factors varied by gestational age, including Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, surfactant use, chorioamnionitis, birth weight, sex, rupture of membranes, outborn status, and meconium aspiration.
Conclusions:
- Term and early preterm neonates exhibit higher pneumothorax rates.
- Gestational age-specific risk factors for pneumothorax were identified.
- Pneumothorax significantly increased mortality and morbidity in early preterm infants.
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