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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
Published on: November 27, 2019
Fasting whole blood fatty acid profile and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: a nested case control study
Amani Alhazmi1, Elizabeth Stojanovski2, Manohar L Garg3
1Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Ministry of Higher Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
to determine the association of fasting whole blood fatty acid concentrations with incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults.
Methods:
A nested case-control study of 187 subjects from a cohort of men and women aged 55-85 years from the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. Fasting whole blood fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography and incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained by self-reported questionnaire at the study follow-up.
Results:
After adjustment for potential confounding variables, positive associations with type 2 diabetes were seen for dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.07, P = 0.01); arachidonic acid (ARA) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.01, P = 0.002); alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18, P = 0.01); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.02-1.08, P = 0.001); and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI:1.02-1.05, P<0.0001). Lignoceric acid is significantly associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P = 0.01).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that higher fasting whole blood concentrations of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) (ARA and DGLA) as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) (ALA, EPA, and DHA) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas increased fasting whole blood concentrations of lignoceric acid is inversely associated with diabetes risk.
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