[Renal complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a widely used therapeutic modality for many, mainly malignant, diseases. Toxicities of this procedure include acute and chronic renal dysfunction. Acute renal failure, generally reversible is due to acute tubular necrosis (tumor lysis syndrome, marrow-infusion toxicity, sepsis, nephrotoxins), hepatic veno-occlusive disease or acute graft-versus-host disease. Chronic renal failure is often multifactorial, caused by conditioning-associated endothelial cell toxicity (bone marrow transplant nephropathy) and calcineurin inhibitors toxicity. Renal pathologic findings are somewhat similar to thrombotic microangiopathy, with sometimes systemic disease. Rare cases of nephrotic syndrome have been described after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mainly membranous nephropathy, associated with graft-versus-host disease. Therapeutic options for renal dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are limited but kidney transplantation is possible in case of end-stage renal disease.