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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Histone methylation during neural development.

Deborah Roidl1, Christine Hacker

  • 1Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.

Cell and Tissue Research
|May 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone methylation regulates gene expression and is crucial for neural stem cell differentiation during neurogenesis. This review explores histone methylation enzymes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Post-translational modification of histones, including methylation, impacts chromatin structure and gene regulation.
  • Histone methyltransferases and demethylases control methylation marks, influencing cellular transcriptional programs.
  • Proper regulation of cellular programs is vital during stem cell differentiation, particularly suppressing alternative lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on histone methylation during neural development.
  • To provide insights into the function of histone methylation enzymes in the central nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on histone methylation and neural development.
  • Analysis of the roles of histone methylation enzymes in neurogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Histone methylation is an intrinsic mechanism regulating central nervous system development.
  • Specific methylation patterns are critical for controlling neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Histone methylation enzymes play key roles in coordinating neurogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Histone methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism in neural development.
  • Understanding histone methylation enzymes is essential for comprehending central nervous system development and function.