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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

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Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg01:11

Assessing Blood pressure in the Leg

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Proper measurement of leg blood pressure is a critical skill for healthcare providers, ensuring precise and reliable readings. When performed correctly, this procedure informs patient care and enhances the efficacy of interventions. The following text outlines step-by-step guidelines to measure blood pressure in the leg, providing clarity and ease of understanding for practitioners.
Preparation:
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Minimally Invasive Isolated Limb Perfusion (MI-ILP) for Locally Advanced Melanomas and Sarcomas of the Extremity
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Lower limb access.

Teun Wilmink1

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham - UK.

The Journal of Vascular Access
|May 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Lower limb vascular access, including femoral vein transposition, offers an alternative when upper limb options fail. Femoral vein transposition shows promise for long-term patency and reduced infection risk compared to grafts.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Nephrology
  • Dialysis Access

Background:

  • Lower limb vascular access is a critical option for patients with exhausted upper limb arteriovenous access possibilities or central vein occlusions.
  • Autologous arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) using the greater saphenous vein have historically yielded disappointing results.
  • Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) present a higher infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and risks of lower limb vascular access, specifically femoral vein transposition, as an alternative to upper limb access.
  • To compare the outcomes of autologous AVF using femoral vein transposition with AVGs and other lower limb access methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of outcomes for autologous AVF using femoral vein transposition.

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  • Comparison of long-term patency rates and infection risks between femoral vein transposition and AVGs.
  • Assessment of complication risks, including ischaemic complications, associated with femoral vein transposition.

    • Main Results:

    • Autologous AVF using femoral vein transposition demonstrates good long-term patency.
    • Femoral vein transposition is associated with a 10-fold reduction in infection risk compared to AVGs.
    • Femoral vein transposition carries an increased risk of ischaemic complications and is not ideal for patients with peripheral arterial disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Femoral vein transposition is a viable option for selected patients, particularly younger individuals at high risk of infection, when upper limb access is not feasible.
    • Careful patient selection and tailoring of lower-extremity vascular access are crucial for optimal outcomes.
    • While effective, the potential for ischaemic complications necessitates careful consideration in patients with compromised arterial circulation.