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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Inhibitory processes in toddlers: a latent-variable approach.

Elena Gandolfi1, Paola Viterbori1, Laura Traverso1

  • 1Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Inhibitory processes in early childhood develop from a single factor in toddlers (24-32 months) to distinct response inhibition and interference suppression factors in preschoolers (36-48 months). This research clarifies early childhood cognitive development.

Keywords:
confirmatory factor analysisearly childhoodexecutive functionsinhibitory processeslatent structure

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding the development of inhibitory control is crucial for cognitive and socio-emotional development in early childhood.
  • Inhibitory processes are fundamental for self-regulation and goal-directed behavior.
  • Previous research has suggested varying structures of inhibitory control across different age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the latent structure of inhibitory processes in young children.
  • To examine developmental changes in inhibitory functions between toddlerhood and preschool age.
  • To differentiate between specific components of inhibition, such as response inhibition and interference suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to analyze the structure of inhibitory processes.
  • The study included two distinct age groups: day-care children (24-32 months) and preschool children (36-48 months).
  • Data were collected to assess various aspects of inhibitory control in these children.

Main Results:

  • For younger children (24-32 months), a single, undifferentiated inhibition factor model provided the best fit to the data.
  • For older children (36-48 months), a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit, distinguishing between response inhibition and interference suppression.
  • These findings indicate a developmental shift in the organization of inhibitory processes during early childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory processes in early childhood are not monolithic and undergo significant structural changes.
  • Toddlers appear to possess a general inhibitory capacity, while preschoolers begin to differentiate specific inhibitory functions.
  • This developmental trajectory highlights the maturation of cognitive control mechanisms during the preschool years.