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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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Quantitative position-averaged K-, L-, and M-shell core-loss scattering in STEM.

Ye Zhu1, Christian Dwyer1

  • 11Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy,Monash University,Victoria 3800,Australia.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|May 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study compares experimental core-loss scattering with simulations. The single-particle model accurately predicts K-shell and some L-shell scattering, but shows only semi-quantitative agreement for M-shells.

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Core-loss scattering is a key phenomenon in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
  • Accurate theoretical models are crucial for interpreting EELS data and understanding electron-matter interactions.
  • Previous models often required adjustable parameters, limiting direct quantitative comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare experimental core-loss scattering data with simulations based on a single-particle model.
  • To assess the predictive accuracy of the single-particle model for K-, L-, and M-shell scattering.
  • To validate the model without adjustable parameters by comparing absolute scattering cross-sections.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental position-averaged core-loss scattering was measured for various elements.
  • Simulations were performed using a single-particle description of the core-loss process.
  • Absolute scattering cross-sections were compared for zone-axis-aligned crystals with independently measured thicknesses.

Main Results:

  • The single-particle model accurately predicts the absolute scattering intensity for K-shell excitations.
  • The model shows accurate predictions for L-shell excitations in certain cases.
  • Semi-quantitative agreement was achieved for M-shell excitations, indicating limitations of the model for these shells.

Conclusions:

  • The single-particle model provides a robust framework for understanding K-shell and L-shell core-loss scattering.
  • Further refinement of the single-particle model is needed to improve accuracy for M-shell excitations.
  • This work facilitates more precise quantitative analysis of EELS data in materials science.