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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
45
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

75
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

23
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Autoimmunity in 2013.

Carlo Selmi1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, carlo.selmi@unimi.it.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|May 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmunity research is expanding, revealing shared mechanisms across diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in understanding pathogenesis and therapeutics are rapidly improving patient treatment and clinical management.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Autoimmunity research significantly increased in 2013, indicating more immune-mediated conditions may have autoimmune origins.
  • Understanding autoimmunity mechanisms is crucial for translational research, linking pathogenesis to new treatments.
  • Similarities in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, are evident in pathogenesis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in autoimmunity research published in 2013.
  • To highlight the growing understanding of autoimmune disease mechanisms and their translational impact.
  • To emphasize the advancements in therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peer-reviewed publications in autoimmunity from 2013.
  • Review of research on disease pathogenesis, tolerance breakdown, and inflammation.
  • Examination of therapeutic approaches, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecules.
  • Inclusion of studies on genomics, epigenetics, microRNA, and specific treatments like abatacept.

Main Results:

  • A notable increase in publications signifies growing recognition of autoimmune mechanisms in various diseases.
  • Progress in understanding pathogenesis is paralleled by the development of novel treatment strategies.
  • Therapeutics for autoimmune diseases are becoming more specific, targeting molecular markers and intracellular mediators.
  • Research highlights the role of Th17 cells, autoantibodies, and molecular factors in disease development.

Conclusions:

  • The 2013 research provides a strong foundation for future advancements in autoimmunity.
  • Continued investigation into genomics, epigenetics, and microRNA will further elucidate disease development.
  • Translational research in autoimmunity is rapidly evolving, impacting laboratory and clinical practice.
  • Targeted therapies, like abatacept, show promise for effective autoimmune disease management.