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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

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Development, maternal effects, and behavioral plasticity.

¹Department of Comparative Human Development, 5730 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA jmateo@uchicago.edu.

Integrative and Comparative Biology

|May 14, 2014

Summary

Parental effects drive developmental plasticity, allowing rapid adaptation to environmental changes. This influences offspring phenotypes, crucial for survival behaviors in species like Belding's ground squirrels.

Area of Science:

Behavioral Ecology
Developmental Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Behavior, hormones, and genetics interact dynamically, influenced by ecological and social contexts.
Developmental plasticity allows organisms to adjust phenotypes in response to environmental variability.
Parental effects are a significant source of phenotypic plasticity, impacting offspring traits through intergenerational responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review studies on developmental plasticity and phenotypes in Belding's ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi).
To explore how environmental factors and predation risk influence behavior and physiology in this species.
To highlight the role of maternal effects in shaping offspring phenotypes.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research on Belding's ground squirrels.

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Analysis of behavioral, hormonal, and genetic factors influencing development.

Examination of ecological and social influences on phenotypic traits.

Main Results:

Environmental and predation risk cues significantly impact foraging, vigilance, and anti-predator behaviors.
Adrenal functioning is influenced by environmental factors, critical for energy metabolism in hibernators.
Maternal effects during gestation and lactation strongly shape offspring phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Developmental plasticity, particularly through parental effects, enables rapid adaptation to changing environments.
Phenotypic traits in Belding's ground squirrels are finely tuned by environmental demands and maternal influences.
Understanding these mechanisms is vital for predicting species' responses to ecological shifts.