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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

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Anaphylaxis secondary to chymopapain.

W W Whisler

    Orthopedics
    |May 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chymopapain treatment can cause anaphylaxis in about 1% of patients, with women being ten times more susceptible. Pretreatment with histamine receptor antagonists may reduce reaction severity, and prompt treatment is crucial if anaphylaxis occurs.

    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Chymopapain is an enzyme used in medical treatments.
    • Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction.
    • The study investigates anaphylaxis incidence and management related to chymopapain.

    Discussion:

    • Anaphylaxis affects approximately 1% of patients receiving chymopapain.
    • Women exhibit a significantly higher incidence of chymopapain-induced anaphylaxis compared to men.
    • Pretreatment with H1- and H2-histamine receptor antagonists can potentially mitigate the severity of anaphylactic reactions.
    • Immediate and appropriate medical intervention is essential for managing anaphylaxis once it develops.

    Key Insights:

    • Chymopapain-associated anaphylaxis risk is around 1%.
    • Female patients have a tenfold higher risk of anaphylaxis.

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  • Histamine receptor antagonists may attenuate anaphylaxis severity.
  • Timely treatment is critical for anaphylaxis management.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into prophylactic strategies for chymopapain-induced anaphylaxis.
    • Investigating the specific mechanisms behind the higher incidence in women.
    • Optimizing treatment protocols for anaphylaxis following chymopapain administration.