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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.4K
Pivot Bearings01:23

Pivot Bearings

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In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
A pivot bearing is a specialized type of bearing designed to support axial loads on a rotating shaft. The bearing surface, or the pivot, is positioned at the end of a shaft to support the axial thrust. The pivot may...
2.8K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
6.8K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
4.9K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

8.2K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner
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The noiles hinge knee prosthesis with axial rotation.

L M Flynn

    Orthopedics
    |May 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Noiles total knee prosthesis reduces torsional forces, minimizing loosening risk in arthritis patients. This advanced knee replacement significantly improves patient outcomes and function.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • The Noiles total knee prosthesis is a constrained design allowing free tibial axial rotation.
    • It avoids fixed femoral-tibial coupling, reducing torsional forces at the prosthesis-cement-bone interface.
    • This design aims to mitigate prosthetic loosening, a complication seen in conventional hinge prostheses, especially during full flexion.

    Discussion:

    • The prosthesis is indicated for severe rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis, instability, or prior prosthesis failure.
    • It offers robust mechanical support, high load capacity, low friction, and minimal wear.
    • A study of 40 arthritis patients with over 18 months follow-up will be presented, detailing surgical techniques, advantages, and complications.

    Key Insights:

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    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
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    • Significant reduction in torsional force transmission to the prosthesis-cement-bone interface.
    • Lower risk of prosthetic loosening compared to conventional hinge designs.
    • Average knee evaluation improved from 30 to 90 points post-surgery.

    Outlook:

    • Further evaluation of long-term outcomes and complication rates.
    • Potential for improved patient quality of life in severe knee arthritis.
    • Comparative studies with other advanced knee replacement systems.